ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ROSE PETALS AS ESSENTIAL-OIL-BEARING FLOWER STRUCTURES OF THE ROSA GENUS REPRESENTATIVES

Semenova Elena Fedorovna, Candidate of biological sciences, professor, sub-department of general and clinical pharmacology, senior staff scientist, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), sef1957@mail.ru
Mezhennaуa Natalia Aleksandrovna, Postgraduate student, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), natalia984@mail.ru
Presnyakova Elena Viktorovna, Сandidate of biological sciences, аssociate professor, sub-department of medical information systems and technologies, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), spl7@mail.ru 

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Background. Due to the increasing demand for high-quality essential rose oil there is a need to improve the diagnosis of the essential raw oil material and to intensify technological processes. The authors studied in detail the anatomy of the petals of various types and forms of roses in order to identify the particular conditions of secretory structures.
Materials and methods. The objects of the anatomical and morphological study of petals were 10 species and 11 hybrids of the essential rose. The study of the microslides were performed using a light microscope MIKMED-1, the content of the essential oil was determined according to the method proposed in GF XI.
Results. The highest mass fraction of the essential oil was featured by the following samples: Michurinka, hybrid 7806, Kazanlykskaya, yellow rose, Raduga, Festivalnaya. The essential oil content in the raw material had a tendency to increase for the kinds and forms of pink and yellow petals, as compared with the red and white. Diploid and tetraploid samples were characterized by higher rates of essential oil, compared with triploids and pentaploids.
Conclusions. The study allowed to establish the localization of essential oil, to identify the relationship between the content of essential oil, colouring of petals and a number of chromosomes, and also showed that the nature of location of the secretory structures, their size and the amount depend on the species and forms.

species and forms of roses, colouring of petals, endogenous and exogenous secretory structures, essential oil, chromosome numbers.

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